Introduction Postoperative delirium is a common and serious complication in older patients undergoing major surgery, particularly gastrectomy, where multiple risk factors converge. Delirium not only impairs recovery but is also linked to prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and poor long-term outcomes. Recent research has compared

Background General anaesthesia has been considered the standard for abdominal and laparoscopic procedures. Despite its advantages, GA is associated with certain pulmonary risks. Airway manipulation, neuromuscular blockade, and mechanical ventilation can contribute to postoperative atelectasis, ventilation–perfusion mismatch, and hypoxemia. These co

Medications for reversing neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium and vecuronium during general anaesthesia traditionally include anticholinesterases such as neostigmine, often limited by incomplete reversal and adverse effects (1). Sugammadex, a modified oligosaccharide with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic exterior, binds aminosteroidal ne

Introduction: Sugammadex is a major advancement in the management of neuromuscular blockade (1). It rapidly and predictably reverses the effects of steroidal neuromuscular blockers, such as rocuronium and vecuronium (1). Its selective action and rapid encapsulation enable prompt and reliable reversal (1). This significantly reduces postoperative re

Introduction As surgical procedures increasingly shift to ambulatory settings, optimizing perioperative pathways becomes essential. A central component of this is the choice between general anesthesia (GA) and regional anesthesia (RA), which directly influences patient outcomes, recovery time, complication rates, and costs. Systematic evidence show

A 27-year-old primigravida at 10 weeks of gestation presented with NYHA class III dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed severe pulmonary valvular stenosis (peak gradient 190 mmHg) with right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy. She was categorised as WHO pregnancy risk class III. At 22 weeks, she underwent successful pulmonary balloon valvotomy under

A 64-year-old female with unknown medical history presented with acute loss of consciousness (GCS 5) following nausea and headache. She was intubated pre-hospital and transferred to an outside hospital, where CT imaging revealed subdural and subarachnoid haemorrhages. Due to clinical deterioration during transfer, she was diverted to the ED for sta

Introduction Preoperative fasting is a cornerstone of anesthetic safety, aimed at minimizing the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Traditional practices, such as prolonged fasting from midnight, have come under scrutiny for contributing to avoidable discomfort and complications, especially in healthy individuals undergoing elective procedures. The 2023

Tumor induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by hypophosphataemia and impaired bone mineralization, which, if left untreated, can lead to significant structural complications (1). Diagnosis involves identifying persistently low serum phosphate, elevated FGF23 levels, and reduced renal phosphate reabsorption (2). Anaes