Introduction Ivabradine is a selective inhibitor of the funny (If) current in the sinoatrial node, leading to heart rate (HR) reduction without affecting myocardial contractility (1). It is specifically indicated in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who are in sinus rhythm and have a resting HR ≥70 bpm despite optim

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with risk rising sharply in advanced age (1,2). Individuals aged 75 years and older represent one of the fastest-growing populations globally, yet they remain underrepresented in cardiovascular prevention trials (1). Statins

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and is commonly treated with statins that inhibit cholesterol synthesis via HMG-CoA reductase (1). Most patients respond adequately to statins, with significant LDL-C lowering and good tolerability. However, a subset exhibits poor response or in

Introduction Ivabradine is a selective heart rate-lowering agent approved for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (1). It targets the sinoatrial node "funny" current (If) channels, reducing heart rate without negative inotropic effects, a key advantage over beta-blockers in patients with impaired cardiac function (1). Its u

Introduction Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) is a rare, multisystem genetic disorder resulting from the deposition of misfolded mutant transthyretin (TTR) protein in various organs (1). While patients often present with neurological and/or cardiac manifestations, nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms related to autonomic dysfunction, a

Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with increased risk of thromboembolic stroke, especially in the elderly. Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of stroke prevention in AF, but in older patients, concerns about bleeding, renal function, and polypharmacy often complicate treatment decisions. Direct oral anticoagula

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with an increased risk of stroke. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, has long been the standard oral anticoagulant for stroke prevention in AF. However, its use is hindered by frequent monitoring requirements, dietary restrictions, and bleeding risks. Apixaban, a novel

Introduction Hereditary variant transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder marked by progressive deposition of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) protein fibrils in multiple organs. Typically presenting around age 68, it can occur earlier and is associated with a survival span of 5–15 years post-diagnosis. While oral stabil

Hello, and a warm welcome to MedX, where we bring you the latest news and insights from the world of medicine.  FDA Approves Finerenone for Heart Failure with Preserved or Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction The US FDA has approved the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone for use in patients with heart failure and mildly reduc