Introduction (1): Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth has become increasingly common and typically presents a more aggressive disease course with earlier decline in β-cell function, greater insulin resistance, and earlier onset of complications compared to adult‐onset T2D (1). There are limited options for oral therapy in children and adolescents; metfo

Introduction Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM), or telemonitoring, is emerging as a vital extension of healthcare delivery, enabling clinicians to capture real-time physiological data and respond proactively to patient needs (1). Its relevance has grown substantially, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the adoption of telemed

Introduction Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), initially introduced for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, have transformed heart failure (HF) management by demonstrating cardiovascular and renal benefits independent of glucose lowering (1). In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF <40%), large randomized co

Introduction Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is an uncommon condition, representing less than 10% of all deep vein thrombosis cases, but its incidence is rising due to increasing use of central venous catheters and device implantation (1). Primary UEDVT, often linked to strenuous upper limb activity and thoracic outlet syndrome (Paget-

Introduction Ultrasound imaging has come a long way since its early use in the 1960s, when it served primarily as a laboratory tool. Initially, the second most utilized diagnostic imaging technology after X-rays, it has since become a cornerstone of modern medicine (1). Today, ultrasound is valued for being cost-effective, versatile, and safe compa

Introduction Modern medicine heavily relies on diagnostic imaging, which serves as a cornerstone for accurate disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment planning. The integration of smarter technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital transformation, is fundamentally reshaping this landscape, leading to significant improveme

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), right ventricular failure, and premature mortality (1). Despite advances with endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs), phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), and prostacyclin analogues, many patient

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a progressive and life-threatening condition despite advances with vasodilator-based therapies (1). Traditional drugs such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, and prostacyclin analogues primarily address vasoconstriction leaving vascular remodelling lar

Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive, and life-threatening condition characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and right heart failure (1). The disease affects the small pulmonary arteries, leading to vascular remodeling, vasoconstriction, and thrombosis (1).