Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that blocks JAK1 and JAK3 pathways, thereby modulating cytokine-driven inflammation in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (1). It is administered as 5 mg twice daily for adults with active PsA who have had an inadequate response to methotrexate or other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (2). B

Abrocitinib is an oral, selective Janus kinase-1 (JAK1) inhibitor that blocks signalling of inflammatory cytokines involved in atopic dermatitis and related dermatoses (1). Administered once daily, it offers convenient oral therapy for adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe disease who are unresponsive to topical or biologic agents (2). Cli

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that selectively targets JAK1 and JAK3, thereby modulating cytokine-mediated signalling and reducing inflammation in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (1,2). Through inhibition of these intracellular pathways, tofacitinib decreases synovial inflammation, pain, and swelling, and improves joint function and

Abrocitinib selectively inhibits Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling (1). Managing chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis requires careful attention to symptom control, medication adherence, and patient support (1). Abrocitinib provides a therapeutic option that reduces inflamma

Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is a topical antimicrobial widely used in burn wound management due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (1). Its mechanism of action involves the slow release of silver ions that disrupt bacterial cell walls and inhibit DNA replication, while sulfadiazine interferes with folic acid synthesis, limiting bacterial pr

Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is a topical antimicrobial agent extensively used in the prevention and management of wound and burn infections (1). It is commonly prepared as a 1 % cream and applied directly to the affected area once or twice daily under sterile conditions (1). The broad-spectrum activity of silver ions targets gram-positive and gram-ne

Amid the revelry of Diwali, our Emergency Departments see a predictable spike in burn injuries. This case study outlines the critical steps—from assessment to referral—for managing the partial-thickness hand burn that can turn a moment of celebration into a lifelong functional limitation.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement and a fluctuating course of disease activity (1). It affects organs such as the skin, kidneys, joints, and central nervous system, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (1). Patients often require long-term

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement, with mucocutaneous manifestations being among the most common and debilitating (1). Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) encompasses various subtypes including discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), subacute CLE (SCLE), tumid lupus