Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder in which the contents of the stomach, including acid and digestive enzymes, flow backwards into the esophagus. This occurs due to dysfunction or weakening of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach that normal

A 17-year-old male patient initially presented in the neonatal period with poor feeding, hypotonia, and episodes of apnea. On admission, he was noted to have hypoglycemia (30 mg/dL), metabolic acidosis (pH 7.30), and elevated urinary ketones (3+). Plasma amino acid analysis revealed significantly elevated branched-chain amino acids. He received ven

Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition globally, yet it remains widely underrecognized. It refers to a range of liver conditions characterised by excess fat accumulation in more than 5% of liver cells in individuals who consume little or no alcohol. The liver plays a central role in metabol

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) continues to pose significant diagnostic and management challenges, particularly as its clinical landscape evolves. With over 30% of adults reporting weekly symptoms, GERD now represents a substantial burden in clinical practice, often extending beyond the classic manifestations of heartburn and

A 44-year-old woman with a known history of systemic sclerosis (SSc) presented with worsening gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. She had previously noted progressive esophageal dysmotility and stasis. Physical examination revealed cachexia, a “mouse face” appearance, and digital ulcerations. Her fingers were notably contracted due to extensive skin

Introduction: The accelerated approval of resmetirom by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2024 marks a major milestone in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), particularly in patients with moderate to advanced liver fibrosis (stages F2–F3)

Interviewer: Dr. Alaa, thank you so much for agreeing to this interview today. We're hoping to shed some light on appendicitis for our audience. Dr. Alaa: My pleasure. Happy to discuss it. It's a common issue, and understanding it can be really important. Interviewer: Absolutely. So, for someone who might not know, could you explain in simple terms

A 51-year-old female with a history of Hashimoto’s disease, chronic urticaria, mast cell activation disorder, hypertension, and well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with recurrent hives, skin dryness, fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, brain fog, word-finding difficulty, lower extremity swelling, intermittent constipation and dia

Is robotic surgery the future of precision medicine, or just an expensive hype? In this thought-provoking interview, Dr. Shrikant Kurhade, Director at K K Care Hospital, Pune, dives deep into the real benefits, misconceptions, and cost-effectiveness of robotic-assisted surgeries. With years of hands-on experience in advanced surgical technology, Dr