Partial nephrectomy has evolved into the preferred approach for appropriately selected T1 renal tumours, with emphasis on renal preservation, ischemia control, and durable oncologic outcomes. Join Dr Shafiq Ahmed, Senior Director – Uro-oncology and Robotic Surgeon, for a focused clinical session on contemporary nephron-sparing strategies, including

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents irreversible kidney failure in which renal function is inadequate to sustain life without renal replacement therapy (1). While pharmacological interventions play a crucial role in managing disease-related complications, non-pharmacological treatments remain the cornerstone of survival and long

Introduction: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) represents the irreversible loss of kidney function in which the kidneys can no longer sustain life without renal replacement therapy such as dialysis or kidney transplantation (1). Clinically, ESRD is characterized by a persistently severely reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) typically below 10 mL

Introduction: Disease Overview and Diagnostic Perspectives of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD): End-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents the final, irreversible stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by profound loss of kidney function that renders the kidneys unable to maintain vital physiological balance (1). ESRD typically correspon

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that can silently advance to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if not identified early (1). Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory parameters, and imaging findings rather than a single test. However, nonspecific symptoms and overlapping comorbi

Introduction: A 52-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis presented with recurrent episodes of unexplained fatigue, dyspnea, and intradialytic hypotension (1). He had a history of long-standing diabetes mellitus and hypertension (1). Classical chest pain was absent, and initial electrocardiography showed nonspecific S

Introduction: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a major global health burden that represents the irreversible culmination of chronic kidney disease (1). It is a disease where renal function declines to a level incompatible with survival without renal replacement therapy (1). Over the past two decades, there has been a notable rise in the number of

Introduction End-stage renal disease (ESRD), defined by a glomerular filtration rate below 15 mL/min/1.73 m², represents irreversible loss of kidney function requiring renal replacement therapy or transplantation for survival (1). Treatment of ESRD is multifaceted and extends beyond dialysis initiation to include aggressive management of metabolic

Introduction: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease, defined by a persistent GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m² and irreversible loss of renal function requiring renal replacement therapy (1). It is associated with substantial morbidity, high cardiovascular mortality, and systemic complications (1). Early recognition, t