Introduction Niemann Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, genetic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired lysosomal function and accumulation of lipids due to dysfunctional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins, leading to multisystem involvement and progressive neurological decline (1). Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and inclu

We’re pleased to bring you this expert conversation with Dr Intekhab Alam, exploring how virtual reality is transforming neurosurgical training, enhancing procedural planning, and supporting clinical decision-making in increasingly complex cases. Q1. For clinicians who may still be new to this area, how would you describe the role of virtual realit

Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive X-linked neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, resulting in the absence of functional dystrophin protein and progressive muscle degeneration (1). Management of DMD requires lifelong multidisciplinary care aimed at slowing disease progression, preventing com

Introduction Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive X-linked neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, resulting in absence of functional dystrophin protein and progressive muscle degeneration (1). The disease affects approximately 1 in 3,500–5,000 male births and is characterized by progressive weakness, loss o

INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system [CNS] characterised by a degenerative component involving both adaptive and innate immune responses (1). While current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) effectively reduce relapses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity, they often fail to slow

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Introduction (1) Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a progressive, multisystem protein misfolding disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Destabilization of the TTR tetramer promotes monomer dissociation, misfolding, and extracellular amyloid deposition, resulting in cumulative organ dysfunction. Periphe

Women continue to shape healthcare through their contributions across clinical care, research, leadership, and community engagement. On International Women’s Day, in line with this year’s theme “Accelerate Action,” we invited women professionals from the healthcare community to share their perspectives. Their reflections explore two important quest

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with terminal-stage functional decline characterized by loss of basic daily functional abilities in the final stage of the disease (1). A comprehensive management plan should be developed as soon as possible after AD is diagnosed (1). This plan should include cholinest