Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary movements, primarily affecting the orofacial region, extremities, and trunk (1). This condition is associated with prolonged exposure to dopamine receptor-blocking agents, such as antipsychotic medications (1). Symptoms can cause considerable physical dis

Tolebrutinib introduces a promising shift in the management of non-relapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, a disease of the brain and spinal cord (1). By addressing smoldering neuroinflammation, it opens the door to earlier and more proactive intervention in disability progression.

Introduction Tardive dyskinesia (TD), an iatrogenic disorder from long-term dopamine-receptor-blocking agents, rarely presents as debilitating, high-amplitude chorea-ballism(1). The following case presents a 64-year-old woman with a 30-year history of schizophrenia and classical antipsychotic use, who presented with progressive involuntary movement

Introduction Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a condition that develops due to prolonged exposure to medications that block dopamine receptors, mainly antipsychotics (1). This disorder is marked by abnormal movements of the oral-buccal-lingual structures, along with accompanying pain and hypertrophy (1). While discontinuation of the dopamine blocking age

Introduction: Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAODs) represent a group of autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism (1). LC-FAOD can cause cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy, often presenting in infancy and typically leading to death or heart transplant despite ongoing treatment (1). This case describes a female infant with

Introduction: Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAODs) represent a group of rare, life-threatening, inborn errors of metabolism that prevent the body from converting long-chain fatty acids (LC-FAs) into energy during periods of fasting and physiological stress (1). LC-FAODs are caused by mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial enzymes

PRESENTATION 30-year-old male Medical history of fever for about 2 weeks. After the flu subsided, the patient felt pain in the eyes during eye movement. He visited an ophthalmologist in another clinic for evaluation, and eye drops were given. On day 5, he developed blurry and decreased vision and visited Aster for re-evaluation. He was seen by an O

Introduction: Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a rare degenerative corneal disease caused by damage to the trigeminal nerve, leading to reduced or absent corneal sensation (1). This results in epithelial breakdown, ulceration, opacification, and possible perforation, often causing visual disability (1). Read the article to discover key mechanisms b

Introduction: Neurotrophic keratopathy is a degenerative corneal disease caused by impairment of the trigeminal nerve, leading to reduced corneal sensitivity and disruption of epithelial maintenance and healing (1). This condition can progress to persistent epithelial defects, stromal ulceration, and even perforation, posing a significant threat to