IntroductionDry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface characterized by tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities, leading to symptoms such as ocular dryness, irritation, discomfort, a...

Introduction Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of vision impairment in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and remains a significant therapeutic challenge in contemporary ophthalmic practice (1). Current management strategies aim to reduce macular thickening, restore retinal microstructural integrity, and preserve visual acuity

Description A 41-year-old female presented with difficulty reading fine print, a condition consistent with uncorrected presbyopia (1). Clinical evaluation revealed a baseline distance corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) of 0.64 and a required near add of +1.50 D (distance) (1). She was prescribed pilocarpine 1.25% eye drops to be administered once

Women continue to shape healthcare through their contributions across clinical care, research, leadership, and community engagement. On International Women’s Day, in line with this year’s theme “Accelerate Action,” we invited women professionals from the healthcare community to share their perspectives. Their reflections explore two important quest

Introduction Presbyopia is a progressive, age-related decline in accommodative amplitude that results in difficulty performing near visual tasks (1). Traditionally, correction of presbyopia has relied on nonsurgical methods (e.g., reading glasses, bifocal or varifocal glasses, and monovision or multifocal contact lenses) and surgical methods (e.g.,

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) remain leading causes of vision impairment worldwide (1). Contemporary clinical guidelines strongly position intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy as the cornerstone of management for center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME) and an impo

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) represents the second most common retinal vascular disorder, after diabetic retinopathy, and remains a major cause of vision loss worldwide (1, 2). The condition arises from thrombotic obstruction of retinal venous outflow, leading to hemorrhage, ischemia, and macular edema (1, 3). Its clinical impact varies depending o

Introduction: Keratoconus is a progressive, non-inflammatory corneal ectatic disorder characterized by corneal thinning and biomechanical weakening, leading to irregular astigmatism and visual impairment (1). Management of keratoconus aims to achieve two key objectives: stabilization of disease progression and optimization of visual function (1). A

Introduction: Keratoconus is a progressive, non-inflammatory ectatic disorder of the cornea characterized by localized thinning and conical protrusion that leads to irregular astigmatism and visual decline (1). Its prevalence varies widely ranging from 0.2 to 4,790 per 100,000 individuals, with a higher burden reported among people of Middle Easter