Introduction Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), highlights the critical role of early intervention with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor therapy to optimize visual outcomes. Despite the established efficacy of VEGF inhibitors in pivotal trials, real-world outcomes often fall short due to factors like undertreatm

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, particularly in the elderly (1). Affecting the central area of the retina known as the macula, AMD is classified into early to late stages, with advanced AMD further categorized into nonexudative (dry AMD) and exudative (wet AMD

Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stands as a complex ocular condition and a primary cause of irreversible blindness globally, particularly among the elderly (1). It primarily affects the macula, the central area of the retina crucial for sharp central vision. Given its progressive nature and the significant visual impairment it c

Introduction Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare, acquired neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function due to immune-mediated damage to peripheral nerves. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy has been established as a first-line treatment for CIDP, demonstrating effic

Introduction Severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) represents an advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy in which the retina has sustained significant microvascular damage. Still, proliferative changes and macular edema have not yet developed. This stage carries a high risk of progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide, progressing from nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and/or diabetic macular edema (DME). Severe NPDR carries a high risk of vision-threatening complications within a few years if untreated. Traditional management

The landscape of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management is rapidly evolving with the growing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and other pharmacologic weight-loss agents. Recent data show that 12% of U.S. adults have used a GLP-1 medication at some point. Over the past five years, GLP-1 use among patients with diabet

Introduction Glaucoma presents a major diagnostic challenge due to its asymptomatic early stages. Timely diagnosis is critical but complicated by the disease's gradual onset and complex subtypes, including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and secondary forms. The growing use o

Introduction: Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) remains a leading cause of vision loss among the elderly, necessitating effective and sustainable treatment strategies (1). Initial assessments confirmed the presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid, which threaten visual function (1). The patient was started on brolucizum