Introduction Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease characterized by non-caseating epithelioid granulomas across involved organs, including ocular tissues (1). Ocular manifestations may appear before systemic findings, creating diagnostic ambiguity when imaging and laboratory tests remain inconclusive (2). In these settings, conjunctiva

Introduction A corneal ulcer is a defect in the corneal epithelium extending into the stroma and is a vision-threatening ocular emergency (1). It is often associated with tissue necrosis and infiltration and may lead to complications such as corneal scarring, perforation, glaucoma, cataract, synechiae, or vision loss (1). Untreated cases can progre

Introduction Corneal ulcer, also termed suppurative keratitis, is a major cause of preventable visual impairment, particularly in developing countries where ocular trauma and agricultural exposure are common (1). The condition occurs when the corneal defense mechanisms eyelids, tear film, and corneal epithelium are breached, allowing microorganisms

Introduction A corneal ulcer, defined as a defect in the corneal epithelium involving the underlying stroma, represents a vision-threatening ocular emergency (1). It is frequently associated with tissue necrosis and stromal infiltration (1). Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy, corneal ulceration remains a significant cause of corneal blindne

In 2025, artificial intelligence has shifted from promise to practice in healthcare. This episode will explore major breakthroughs, lessons from early adoption, and the challenges that shape the road ahead as healthcare systems embrace a smarter, data-driven future. Date: 27th October 2025 Time: 9:00 PM IST | 11:30 AM EST | 7:30 PM UAE | 11:30 PM S

Introduction: Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive inherited retinal disorder characterized by degeneration of photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (1). Patients typically present with nyctalopia, peripheral visual field constriction, and eventual central vision loss (1). RP is a leading cause of acquired blindness in devel

Introduction Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) refers to a diverse group of inherited retinal dystrophies that primarily affect the photoreceptor cells in the retina (1). The disease typically begins with the degeneration of rod cells, responsible for night and peripheral vision, followed by cone cell deterioration, which affects central and color vision (

Introduction: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive vision loss due to degeneration of rod and cone photoreceptors. Though rarely, RP can be accompanied by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which is typically treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. A 56-year-old woman with autosomal dominant

Introduction Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also called Graves’ orbitopathy or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is a rare, debilitating autoimmune disorder affecting approximately 1.9 per 10,000 people annually. TED typically progresses from an active inflammatory phase to a stable fibrotic (inactive) phase over 1–3 years, causing symptoms ranging fr