The landscape of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) management is rapidly evolving with the growing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and other pharmacologic weight-loss agents. Recent data show that 12% of U.S. adults have used a GLP-1 medication at some point. Over the past five years, GLP-1 use among patients with diabet

Introduction Healthcare professionals must possess a comprehensive understanding of Marfan syndrome (MFS), as the prompt and precise identification of the condition is vital for the initiation of optimal therapeutic interventions at the earliest possible stage (1). The onset of clinical symptoms exhibits considerable variability, ranging from sever

Introduction Glaucoma presents a major diagnostic challenge due to its asymptomatic early stages. Timely diagnosis is critical but complicated by the disease's gradual onset and complex subtypes, including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and secondary forms. The growing use o

Introduction Global guidelines developed by the European Confederation for Medical Mycology (ECMM), the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) aim to standardise the diagnosis and management of candidiasis, enhancing patient outcomes across varied healthcare settings (1). Centred

Introduction: Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) remains a leading cause of vision loss among the elderly, necessitating effective and sustainable treatment strategies (1). Initial assessments confirmed the presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid, which threaten visual function (1). The patient was started on brolucizum

Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), especially the neovascular (wet) form, remains a leading cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide (1). The advent of anti-VEGF therapies, such as ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab, revolutionized disease management, significantly improving visual outcomes (1). However, these treatment

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are now central to managing type 2 diabetes and obesity, with growing potential in cardiovascular, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s. As their use expands, concerns about ocular safety have emerged. These concerns began with the SUSTAIN-6 trial, which linked semaglutide to

Introduction Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is a common condition that can severely impact daily activities, especially during high pollen seasons. In Japan, cedar pollen often triggers intense ocular itching and redness, leading many patients to seek effective and comfortable treatment options. Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% offers rapid r

Background and Rationale: Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the ocular surface triggered by environmental allergens, notably pollens. The hallmark symptoms include ocular itching, redness (hyperemia), tearing, and chemosis. Traditional topical therapies include antihistamines and mast cell stabilizers; however, sustai