Introduction: Keratoconus is a progressive, non-inflammatory corneal ectatic disorder characterized by corneal thinning and biomechanical weakening, leading to irregular astigmatism and visual impairment (1). Management of keratoconus aims to achieve two key objectives: stabilization of disease progression and optimization of visual function (1). A

Introduction: Keratoconus is a progressive, non-inflammatory ectatic disorder of the cornea characterized by localized thinning and conical protrusion that leads to irregular astigmatism and visual decline (1). Its prevalence varies widely ranging from 0.2 to 4,790 per 100,000 individuals, with a higher burden reported among people of Middle Easter

Introduction Contact lenses are a common and effective option for refractive correction, cosmetic use, and therapeutic indications. When used appropriately, they are generally safe; however, improper handling, extended wear, and inadequate hygiene can lead to a spectrum of corneal complications. These range from mild epithelial disturbances to seve

Introduction Ambient artificial intelligence (AI) refers to systems that passively capture clinician–patient conversations and convert them into structured clinical documentation. In ophthalmology, where consultations are time-sensitive and documentation is complex, ambient AI is gaining attention for its potential to improve efficiency, patient en

As we transition into 2026, Medsynapse recognizes that the most significant advancements in healthcare are born from collective expertise. Medical progress is not merely an individual pursuit; it is a testament to the shared intellect, unwavering resilience, and profound professional advocacy that defines our community. Behind every clinical breakt

Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition characterized by tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation, and discomfort, affecting millions worldwide. Conventional treatments, such as artificial tears, anti-inflammatory medications, and lifestyle modifications, often provide temporary relief. Recently, device-guided the

Introduction (1) Strabismus management aims to achieve proper ocular alignment, optimize visual acuity, restore binocular vision where possible, and address underlying etiologies. The approach to treatment depends on multiple factors, including age at presentation, type and magnitude of deviation, presence of amblyopia, and sensory status. Manageme

Introduction (1) Strabismus is a disorder of ocular alignment in which the eyes are misaligned when attempting to fixate on a visual target. Accurate diagnosis is essential because strabismus may present as an isolated ocular condition or as a manifestation of refractive, neuromuscular, or neurological pathology. The diagnostic process relies on a

Introduction Optic neuritis is an acute, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve, and it is a common cause of sudden vision loss in young adults (1). It frequently represents the initial clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis, making early and accurate diagnosis clinically important (1). Diagnosis relies on a defined combinat