Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted and repetitive behaviours (1). With rising prevalence and no curative treatment, management focuses on improving functional independence and quality of life (1). Current strategies

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex group of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by persistent difficulties in social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive behaviours (1). The term “spectrum” reflects the wide variability in symptom severity, developmental patterns, and intellectual functioning obser

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviours (1). Early diagnosis is typically stable, and intervention is crucial for improved outcomes (1). This case describes a 24-month-old boy who initially met full DSM-5 criteria for ASD followin

Introduction Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral illness affecting infants and young children, characterized by vesicular eruptions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa. Although typically mild and self-limiting, early recognition and timely initiation of supportive treatment are essential to minimize discomfort, prevent dehydr

Introduction Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has evolved from a mild, self-limiting childhood infection to a notable global public health concern. It is caused by various enteroviruses that can occasionally lead to neurological or cardiopulmonary complications. The continuous emergence of new viral strains highlights the importance of advancin

Introduction Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness affecting mainly infants and young children, though adults can also be affected. It is recognized by characteristic lesions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa, often preceded by mild fever or respiratory symptoms. The disease is generally self-limiting but may occasionally

Introduction Acute cough in children, often resulting from upper respiratory tract infections like the common cold, is a prevalent concern among caregivers and healthcare providers (1). While various over-the-counter (OTC) medications are available, the efficacy of many, including dextromethorphan, remains a topic of debate (1). Recent studies have

Introduction: Acute cough is a distressing symptom in children, often caused by the common cold, leading parents to seek medical care. Cough, a defensive reflex, serves as an airway clearance mechanism but can significantly impact the quality of life (1). The management of paediatric cough is challenging due to the limited options with proven effic

Introduction Niemann Pick Disease Type C (NPC) is an ultra-rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes, leading to disrupted lipid metabolism and progressive cellular dysfunction (1). With an incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 live births, the disease presents with a wide clinical spectrum