Introduction Fatigue is one of the most pervasive and disabling symptoms experienced by individuals with chronic rheumatic diseases. Beyond joint pain, stiffness, and structural damage, persistent fatigue significantly affects daily functioning, emotional health, and overall quality of life. For many patients, fatigue is a primary reason for reduce

Introduction Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare, systemic necrotizing vasculitis that primarily affects medium-sized arteries, sparing arterioles, capillaries, and venules (1). Unlike ANCA-associated vasculitides, PAN is typically anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-negative and does not involve glomerulonephritis (1). Its clinical pres

Introduction: Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare, systemic necrotizing vasculitis that predominantly affects medium-sized muscular arteries (1). It typically presents with constitutional symptoms, hypertension, and ischemic manifestations due to arterial inflammation and stenosis (1). A 60-year-old man with no vascular risk factors presented with

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that selectively targets JAK1 and JAK3, thereby modulating cytokine-mediated signalling and reducing inflammation in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (1,2). Through inhibition of these intracellular pathways, tofacitinib decreases synovial inflammation, pain, and swelling, and improves joint function and

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by diverse clinical manifestations and variable disease progression. The heterogeneity of SLE poses significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Precision medicine aims to tailor medical treatment to individual characteristics, including genetic, en

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that leads to joint destruction and functional disability. It primarily affects the joints but can also impact other body parts, causing symptoms like joint swelling, morning stiffness, and fatigue. While the exact cause is unknown, genetic suscep

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement and a fluctuating course of disease activity (1). It affects organs such as the skin, kidneys, joints, and central nervous system, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (1). Patients often require long-term

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement, with mucocutaneous manifestations being among the most common and debilitating (1). Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) encompasses various subtypes including discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), subacute CLE (SCLE), tumid lupus

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes are characterized by circulating autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration of the affected tissues or organs, eventually leading to organ failure (2). Alopecia universalis (AU) is defined as an inflammatory scarring hair loss disorder. AU is the severe form of alopecia areata characterized by the complete loss o