A 48-year-old male was presented with progressive exertional dyspnea over the past month. He had a long-standing history of well-managed hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He reported fatigue, weight loss, gastrointestinal complaints, dark urine, or changes in bowel habits. Physical examination revealed pale conjunctiva and nail beds, witho

Introduction Anemia is a common and increasing health concern in the elderly over the age of 65. As the global population continues to age, the prevalence of anemia is expected to rise, posing a significant challenge to healthcare providers. Despite its widespread occurrence, anemia in older adults is often underdiagnosed and inadequately managed d

A 26-year-old man with severe Hemophilia A (HA) and no prior FVIII inhibitors had been on long-term prophylaxis with octocog alfa. He transitioned to turoctocog alfa pegol and initially showed poor FVIII recovery. Despite continuing prophylaxis at 12 IU/kg every other day due to his offshore work, he experienced minor bleeds requiring additional do

Introduction Anemia is a common complication of chronic diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is defined as a reduction in the total number of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and is identified by decreased hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, or RBC count. Rather than being a standalone diagnosis, anemia serves as a clinical i

Introduction Antithrombin (AT) is a natural anticoagulant that inhibits key clotting factors, helps in maintaining hemostatic balance. AT deficiency, whether inherited or acquired, is defined by consistently low AT activity which may increase thromboembolic risk in affected individuals.(1) There are two types of hereditary AT deficiency: Type I, wh

A 42-year-old woman with no significant past medical history presented with a 2-week history of increasing fatigue and dizziness. Initial assessment revealed stable vital signs, including a blood pressure of 107/47 mmHg, heart rate of 87 beats/minute, and oxygen saturation of 100% on room air. Physical examination was notable for signs of severe an

Introduction Turoctocog alfa pegol is an extended half-life recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) replacement product designed to manage hemophilia A. By attaching a polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule to the B domain of turoctocog alfa, its half-life is significantly extended, offering prolonged therapeutic effects. In clinical studies, turoctocog alfa p

Introduction Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare immune-mediated disorder characterized by bone marrow failure leading to pancytopenia. Despite limited epidemiological data, incidence peaks in childhood and early adulthood, affecting males and females equally.(1) The discovery of frequent clonal hematopoiesis in AA has deepened our understanding of its

Hello Medsynapse Community! Today, we’re shedding light on hemophilia—an inherited bleeding disorder that continues to evolve in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and care. Join the discussion below with insights by Dr. Abhijit Giram. Q.1: Briefly explain what hemophilia is and its impact on patients? Hemophilia is a inherited bleeding disorder. Eithe